Research on ingredients after arrival
Extracellular NAD starts the collection. The skin-layer experiment, collagen paper and topical reviews give its questions company.
Penetration experiments; cellular production
Hostynek, Dreher and Maibach’s human skin penetration study supplies the retained-copper measurements. It is the experiment behind the depot essay. Maquart and colleagues’ fibroblast culture paper supplies the collagen-synthesis finding, including the observation that cell number did not change.
I value their different scales of observation. Prepared skin permits a question about passage and retention; cultured cells permit a question about activity. The afterimage becomes interesting in the space between them.
The broader skin literature
The skin-regeneration review gathers findings on supporting material and clinical skin outcomes. The topical anti-wrinkle review makes delivery an explicit concern.
Aleo and colleagues’ extracellular NAD paper follows breakdown products around human skin fibroblasts. The nicotinamide review considers a separate starting material applied topically to skin. Together, they make chemical identity a much livelier subject than a list of ingredients.
- Human skin penetration of a copper tripeptide in vitro as a function of skin layer ↗
- Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ ↗
- GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration ↗
- Topically applied GHK as an anti-wrinkle peptide: Advantages, problems and prospective ↗
- Metabolic fate of extracellular NAD in human skin fibroblasts. ↗
- Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation. ↗